Combine chicken breast slices, lemon juice, lemon zest, garlic, olive oil, salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes in a bowl. Let this sit for 15 minutes at room temperature. This quick marinade infuses the chicken with citrusy brightness and tenderizes it slightly.
Boil the Pasta
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add your linguine or angel hair pasta and cook until al dente (usually about 8-10 minutes). Reserve 1/2 cup of pasta water before draining.
Cook the Chicken
Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add 1 tablespoon of olive oil and sear the marinated chicken in batches. Cook until golden brown and just cooked through, about 3-4 minutes per side. Set aside on a plate.
Make the Scampi Sauce
In the same skillet, lower the heat to medium and add butter and olive oil. Once melted, stir in the garlic and cook until fragrant (about 30 seconds). Deglaze the pan with white wine or chicken broth, scraping up any browned bits. Add the chicken stock, lemon juice, lemon zest, and Italian seasoning. Let it simmer for 2-3 minutes.
Combine Chicken, Pasta, and Sauce
Return the chicken to the skillet. Add the drained pasta and a bit of reserved pasta water. Toss everything together to coat the pasta and chicken evenly in the scampi sauce. Adjust seasoning with salt, pepper, or extra lemon juice if needed.
Garnish and Serve
Top with freshly chopped parsley, Parmesan cheese, and optional red pepper flakes. Serve hot with lemon wedges on the side.